منابع مشابه
The Environmental Kuznets Curve:
1. Introduction The environmental Kuznets curve is a hypothesized relationship between various indicators of environmental degradation and income per capita. In the early stages of economic growth degradation and pollution increase, but beyond some level of income per capita (which will vary for different indicators) the trend reverses, so that at high-income levels economic growth leads to env...
متن کاملConfronting the Environmental Kuznets Curve
T he environmental Kuznets curve posits an inverted-U relationship between pollution and economic development. Kuznets’s name was apparently attached to the curve by Grossman and Krueger (1993), who noted its resemblance to Kuznets’s inverted-U relationship between income inequality and development. In the first stage of industrialization, pollution in the environmental Kuznets curve world grow...
متن کاملEnvironmental Kuznets Curve
cointegration Classical regression analysis assumes that the error term in a regression is normally and independently distributed. An extreme violation of this condition is when the error term is a random walk. Such a regression is termed a spurious regression and the results are not reliable. It usually indicates that a required variable with random walk behavior has been omitted from the mode...
متن کاملKuznets curve an empirical regularity ?
The empirical literature on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) purports to describe how a nation's environmental quality will evolve if it makes the transition from poverty to wealth. The popular generalization is that pollution will first increase and then, if income becomes sufficiently high, decline. Empirical support for this proposition is based primarily on crosscountry variations in i...
متن کاملThe Political Economy of the Kuznets Curve
The paper provides a political economy theory of the Kuznets curve. When development leads to increasing inequality, this can induce political instability and force democratization on political elites. Democratization leads to institutional changes which encourage redistribution and reduce inequality. Nevertheless, development does not necessarily induce a Kuznets curve, and it is shown that de...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Modern Economy
سال: 2012
ISSN: 2152-7245,2152-7261
DOI: 10.4236/me.2012.32022